TOMATO - BACTERIA
BACTERIAL SOFT ROT
Causal organism: Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica and Erwinia chrysanthemi.
Description: The bacteria are baculiform, 0,7 - 0,8 m wide and 1,5 - 5 m long. They are gram-negative, non-sporulating, and mostly formed in chains.
Host range: Wide range of crops such as potato, leaf and root vegetables, fruits, ornamental crops and several others.
Occurrence and importance: Bacteria are common soilborne pathogens that attack a wide range of root vegetables. They can also affect root vegetables in storage if conditions are not ideal. They are widely distributed in most soils, so bacterial inoculum is almost always present, in all countries studied. Bacteria do not represent a new emergent pest, but their importance in storage is increasing due to recent limitation of pesticide use. Farmers require reliable information on how to apply chemical-free (organic) preventative measures.
Symptoms: Bacterial soft rot appears as a soft, watery, and slimy decay of the taproot, usually with a distinct line between healthy a diseased tissue. The decay rapidly consumes the core of the carrot or parsley roots, frequently with a foul odour, that often leaves epidermis intact. Secondary fungi or bacteria may invade soft rot lesions. Aboveground symptoms include a general yellowing and wilting of the foliage.
5. Figure: Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora – carrot
Source: own
6. Figure: Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora carrot
Source: https://bsppjournals.com
7. Figure Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora - potato
8. Figure Ralstonia
9. Figure: Erwinia carotovora subsp.
Source: https://krishijagran.com
BACTERIAL BROWN ROT - BACTERIAL RING ROT
Pest name: Ralstonia solanacearum, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus
10. Figure: Distribution of Ralstonia solanacearum
Source EPPO Database (Yellow: present, purple: transient
11. Figure. Distribution of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus
Source: EPPO Database (yellow: present)
12. Figure: Bacterial streaming in clear water from stem cross-section of plant infected by R. solanacearum
http://ephytia.inra.fr/en/D/7162
13. Figure: Ralstonia solanacearum Source: http://ephytia.inra.fr/en/D/7162
Source: http://ephytia.inra.fr/en/D/7162
14. Figure: Ralstonia
Source: http://ephytia.inra.fr/en/D/7162
15. Figure Ralstonia
Source: http://ephytia.inra.fr/en/D/7162
16. Figure: Ralstonia
Source: http://ephytia.inra.fr/en/D/7162
17. Figure: Ralstonia
Source: http://ephytia.inra.fr/en/D/7162
Ring rot, a disease-causing plant wilting, is more common in tubers and can cause complete rot and cracking of potato skin. It spreads through vascular infection of daughter tubers from infected seeds, which can overwinter in storage, and debris from infected plants.
18. Figure: Ralstonia
https://potatoes.ahdb.org.uk/knowledge-library/brown-rot
- BACTERIAL SOFT ROT
- BACTERIAL BROWN ROT
- BACTERIAL RING ROT
- POWDERY MILDEW
- SCLEROTONIA ROT
- BOTRYTIS BLIGHT
- VIOLET ROOT ROT
- BLACK ROT
- CERCOSPORA LEAF BLIGHT
- PYTHIUM LEAF BLIGHT
- CARROT ALTERNARIA LEAF BLIGHT 29
- EUROPEAN MOLE CRICKETS
- CLICK BEETLES, WIREWORMS
- POTATO TUBER MOTH (TUBERWORM)
- TURNIP MOTH
- SPIDER MITES
- THRIPS
- CARROT FLY
- APHIDS